Answer to Question 1
Answer:
Counterfactual thinking involves our imagining alternative possible situations and outcomes. If a person imagines an upward counterfactual, she or he is engaged in the process of comparing a current outcome with a more favorable one. Such upward counterfactual thinking can lead to increased dissatisfaction with current reality. If a person imagines a downward counterfactual, she or he is engaged in the process of comparing a current outcome with a less favorable one. Downward counterfactual thinking can lead to increased satisfaction with current reality.
Answer to Question 2
Answer:
Automatic processing of information is nonconscious, unintentional, and involuntary. It requires relatively little effort on our part. Controlled processing, on the other hand, requires greater effort and is conscious. Beyond that, automatic processing frequently relies more heavily on schemas and heuristics, while controlled processing tends to rely more heavily on rational thinking and logical processes.
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Math Thinking Problem