Researchers conducted an experiment in which male participants were angered by a confederate. Angry participants then either recorded the confederate's errors or shocked him every time he made an error.
Finally, all participants were given the opportunity to shock the confederate. These researchers found that contrary to ________, those participants who ________ later delivered stronger and more frequent shocks to the confederate.
a. frustration-aggression theory predictions; were not angered
b the catharsis hypothesis; had previously delivered shocks
c. cognitive dissonance predictions; had not previously delivered shocks
d. the catharsis hypothesis; had previously recorded errors
Question 2
A sports psychologist observed the behavior of fans during an especially violent hockey game. He found that as the game progressed, spectators became more belligerent and hostile, not less.
These findings present a direct challenge to the assumption that ________ reduces aggression.
a. vicariously discharging aggressive impulses
b. engaging in direct aggression
c. fantasizing to discharge aggressive impulses
d. modeling cooperative behaviors
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