Answer to Question 1
Answer: According to Batson, when people experience empathy with another, they are more likely to help the other for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of the helper's personal gain (e.g., rewards, escaping his or her own distress). This is referred to as the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Empathy in this case refers to the ability to put oneself in the other's position, to experience events and the other's emotions. Thus, when people can take the other's perspective, they are more likely to help another person, independent of any rewards the helper might accrue.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Evidence presented in the text suggests that people who have lived in an area longer tend to feel more connected to their neighbors and the community, and are more likely to donate money and/or volunteer within the community. Thus, since many people move in their lifetime, it is likely that in general, people are not contributing as much time or money to charities in their local communities.
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