In addition to the role of both informational and normative conformity pressures, participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments (e.g., Milgram, 1974) administered escalating shocks to a confederate learner because they
a. became trapped in conflicting norm demands.
b. failed to take the perspective of the experimenter.
c. ignored social norms once they entered the experimental setting.
d. were motivated to reduce the ambiguity of this distressing situation.
Question 2
In a variation on his original experiment, Milgram had the experimenter leave the room after telling participants that they could deliver whatever level of shock they chose.
After the experimenter left, a confederate suggested that the participant increase the shock by one level each time the learner made a mistake. In this variation, only about 20 percent of participants went to the highest shock level. The fact that the authority figure's presence made much more of a difference than that of a peer suggests the role of
a. informational influence.
b. normative influence.
c. private acceptance.
d. mindless conformity.
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