Given the role of informational and normative social influence processes in contributing to participants' willingness to shock a confederate learner (e.g., Milgram, 1974), which of the following situations would yield the LEAST obedience?
a. The experimenter administers shocks to himself to demonstrate that the shocks are not lethal.
b. The experimenter tells participants that the learner will later be allowed to administer shocks to them.
c. The experimenter tells participants that the best teacher will be awarded a prize at the conclusion of the experiment.
d. Before leaving the room, two experimenters disagree on instructions before finally telling participants to take their time and choose their own shock levels.
Question 2
Which of the following variations of Milgram's (1963) original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?
a. When another (confederate) participant refuses to continue, participants obey less.
b. When the participants are in the same room as the learner, they obey less.
c. Older participants are less likely to obey than are younger participants.
d. Participants are less likely to obey when they believe that the learner will have a chance to teach them later.
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