Mahmoud wants his seven-year-old daughter to learn that littering is bad. According to cognitive dissonance theory, how should Mahmoud teach his daughter not to be a litterbug? Mahmoud should
a. give his daughter a big ice cream cone every time she throws her garbage in a trash can.
b. yell and scream at his daughter every time she tosses garbage on the ground.
c. give his daughter a stern look whenever she litters.
d. raise his daughter's allowance whenever she refrains from littering.
Question 2
Because they provide the potential offender ________, threats of harsh punishment seldom produce positive attitude change.
a. ample external justification for restraint
b. an excuse for psychological reactance
c. sufficient internal justification for restraint
d. an internal attribution for restraint
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