Recall that in a variation of his other work with great apes, Gallup (1997) compared the ability of chimps reared in social groups and chimps reared in isolation to recognize themselves in the mirror. Gallup's results suggest that
a. although humans develop a sense of self without social interaction, chimps do not.
b. for many primates, social interaction is crucial for developing a sense of self.
c. for chimpanzees and other great apes, mirrors can serve as a looking-glass self.
d. like humans, chimpanzees and other great apes engage in social comparison.
Question 2
When there are no objective criteria to measure achievement, people often rely on ________ to evaluate how well they performed.
a. social comparison
b. introspection
c. cognitive appraisal processes
d. attribution of arousal
