Answer to Question 1
Mainstreaming and inclusion both involve educating children with special needs
within the general classroom. The difference is that with inclusion, special education
delivered by a specialist is incorporated into the general classroom for the children
with special needs. Appropriate aids and services are not a required part of
mainstreaming.
Answer to Question 2
Common criticisms of intelligence testing include bias within the tests, that the tests
reflect the culture of those who write it, administer it and take it. Tests cannot
measure potential without also measuring achievement and tests cannot be culture
free. The tests are a snapshot of a particular moment in time, and a much different
result may occur when tested again. A person's intellectual potential changes over
time so scores will change. Tests standardized in one country or region may be
inaccurate when taken elsewhere.
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Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood — 7e