Answer to Question 1
Gender-typing starts with gender-identity. This is the basic awareness that one is either female or male. At first, this has little meaning to children other than a label. Quickly, however, the child receives messages about what is expected from girls and boys (gender-stereotypes). Parents, media, and other children all communicate gender-roles to children such as girls play with dolls and boys play with trucks. There is some evidence that males and females use their brains differently, and this may account for some gender differences. Kohlberg suggested that gender typing (the internalization of gender-stereotypes) involves three emerging concepts. In addition to gender-identity, there is gender-stability (the recognition that one has the same gender for a lifetime), and gender-constancy (the understanding that changes in appearance, such as a woman cutting her hair short, do not change one's gender).
Answer to Question 2
D
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