Answer to Question 1
Pragmatics refers to the practical aspects of communication. Children show pragmatism when they adjust their speech to fit the social situation, for examples showing greater formality in their choice of words and syntax when they are role-playing high-status figures such as teachers or physicians. Preschoolers tend to be egocentric, thinking that another child knows what they want without specifying. But once children can perceive the world through the eyes of others, they advance in their abilities to make themselves understood and will give a descriptions so that the other child can carry out the request.
Answer to Question 2
A