Answer to Question 1
The answer is neither. Piaget believed that cognitive development precedes language development. He argued that children must understand concepts before they use words to describe them. Some studies support this notion, but other research suggests that young children need to experience an action themselves or by observation to learn the meaning of a verb. Other theorists believe that children create cognitive classes to understand things that are labeled by words. But today most developmentalists find something of value in each of these cognitive views. In the early stages of language development concepts often precede words, and many of the infant's words describe classes that have already developed. But later language influence thoughts. Vygotsky believed in this approach. He thought that during most of the first year, vocalizations and thoughts are separate, but during the second year, thought and speech combine forces.
Answer to Question 2
A
Child development varies and is hard to predict
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The striking improvements in motor development in the early months