Answer to Question 1
Due to a language acquisition process called fast mapping, children quickly attach new words to the appropriate concepts. The whole-object assumption leads children to surmise that the names of objects (such as kitty) refer to the entire object (the body, the head, the legs, the tail, and so on) rather than just one feature (such as the color of the fur). Despite the incredible advances in language development, children are prone to certain errors. One error is overregularization. With this error, children assume that grammatical rules should be applied universally. It is the exceptions to our language that are the hardest to learn. Children learn, for example, that adding an ed to words makes them past tense. So walk becomes walked. Children overuse these rules so that go becomes goed.
Answer to Question 2
B
Interior nodes represent common ancestors
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