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For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
Congestive heart failure is a serious disorder that carries a reduced life expectancy. Heart failure is usually a chronic illness, and it may worsen with infection or other physical stressors.
Nearly 31 million adults in America have a total cholesterol level that is more than 240 mg per dL.
There are over 65,000 known species of protozoa. About 10,000 species are parasitic.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all women age 65 years of age or older should be screened with bone densitometry.