Answer to Question 1
Notwithstanding, there are a number of other factors that impact the nature of parenting following divorce:
- Parents' education level:
Parents with higher education levels tend to engage in higher levels of co-parenting than do parents with lower education levels (Cooksey & Craig, 1998).
- Income level:
Parents in higher SES brackets tend to co-parent more effectively than do parents in lower income brackets (Arditti, 1999).
- Duration of the marriage:
Couples who were married for longer periods of time are more likely to engage in more cooperative post-divorce parenting (Ahrons & Rodgers, 1987).
- Time elapsed since the divorce:
If other variables, such as higher education levels and higher SES levels are present, divorced couples are more apt to effectively co-parent over time as wounds begin to heal (Furstenberg & Cherlin, 1991).
- Remarriage of one or both spouses:
Remarriage often negatively impacts former spouses' ability to co-parent (Ahrons & Rodgers, 1987).
- Who initiated the divorce:
Most commonly, the spouse who initiates the divorce is the more cooperative co-parent (Duran- Aydingtug, 1995).
- The legal process of divorce:
If the divorce process involved hostility and conflict, or was difficult and protracted, the father tends to be less involved with his children (Madden-Derdich & Arditti, 1999).
Answer to Question 2
B
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