The fact that boys identify better with warm nurturant dads than ...

[SGallaher96]

The fact that boys identify better with warm nurturant dads than with threatening dads ____ Freud's theory.
 
  a. confirms
  b. is theoretically neutral toward
  c. contradicts
  d. is a self-fulfilling prophecy within the context of

Question 2

Explain the difference between emulation and imitation in research on observational learning, and give an example of each from the research literature in your text.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[jsm54321]

Answer to Question 1

C

Answer to Question 2

Imitation involves mimicry of a live model (or televised model) performing an action. Emulation involves learning through observation but without a model performing the action. For example, the most famous study of imitation was probably Bandura's study of aggression after a child got to observe an adult model interact with a Bobo doll in an aggressive fashion. The model was either punished, rewarded, or received no consequence for the aggression. The children tended to mimic the rewarded or no consequences model more often than they mimicked the punished model. Emulation was examined in Thompson and Russell's ghost condition in which infants observed a toy on a rug move toward them (it was moved via remote control). As the rug was pushed forward (away from the infant), the toy was remotely moved toward the infant. This motion, although counterintuitive, was learned by the infants watching the pattern of the rug being pushed away and the toy moving toward them. No adult model pushed the rug, so it was a study of emulation.

[SGallaher96]

Excellent

[ttt030911]

Gracias!