Answer to Question 1
a
Answer to Question 2
During stage 1, which may last from 12 to 24 hours for a first birth, the uterus starts to contract. As the contractions become stronger, the cervix is enlarged to approximately 10 centimeters. Stage 2 lasts about an hour and consists of the baby passing through the cervix and into the vagina. The mother helps push the baby along by contracting muscles in her abdomen. Crowning occurs when the top of the baby's head appears. Stage 3 lasts only minutes and consists of the mother pushing a few more times to expel the placenta.