Answer to Question 1
The art of Mesopotamia consisted of sculpture and architecture. Art forms employed stylized animal sculptures of limestone, bronze figures, and massive brick structures called ziggurats. Mesopotamia's history was marked by continual warfare and conquests, and a major goal of architecture was the erection of citadels to ensure the safety of temples and palaces. Egypt had less political turmoil and the principal message of their art was continuity to express a span of time reaching back into the past and forward to the future. Massive limestone structures, the pyramids, the Great Sphinx, and tombs are characteristic of Egyptian art, conveying the essence of stability, order, and endurance. Egyptian civilization was characterized by the power of the pharaoh, and much of the art was devoted to demonstrating the power and sacredness of the king.
Answer to Question 2
The sculptural traditions of Greece began with small bronze figures of horses and men. Drawing on Egyptian stylistic presentation of the body, the Archaic period produced stiff, frontal figures with a degree of naturalism and consisted of young Greek males called Kouroi. The Greek concern with lifelike representation is evident in the Classical style of a bronze statue, Warrior A, an idealized, virile male body. As the spread of Greek culture moved eastward, sculpture developed in several stylistic directions, one being a continuing classical style as seen in the Aphrodite of Melos, and a more dynamic presentation of extreme emotions in the Laocon Group.
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