Answer to Question 1
A simple sentence contains one independent clause, a group of words that conveys one complete thought. A simple sentence is often used to emphasize an idea. A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction or a semicolon. The ideas in each clause are closely related and receive the same level of emphasis. A complex sentence contains both an independent clause and a dependent clause. The independent clause contains important information that needs to be emphasized. The dependent clause contains supplemental information or ideas subordinate to those in the independent clause.
Answer to Question 2
a. Thank you for participating in our focus group last week. (I'd like to take this opportunity to is a trite expression.)
b. During 2011, the Smith Corporation bought a new building for 15 million.
c. If we do not plan for national security, history will repeat itself with severe consequences. (Plan ahead, past history, and repeat again are redundant phrases.)
d. Every customer receives a gift when opening a checking account. (Each and every and free gift are redundancies.)
e. The new sick-leave policy was implemented because several employees were abusing the privilege.
f. If the customer pays 500, the company will not report her to a credit agency. (In the event that, makes a payment, and in the amount of are wordy expressions.)
g. We met yesterday so Terry could demonstrate the new computer system. (Held a meeting is wordy, and make a demonstration is a hidden verb.)
h. After the dean analyzed the college's budget, the department chairs agreed how to decrease expenditures. (Made an analysis of and came to an agreement on are hidden verbs.)
i. Fewer than 500 people are admitted to the nursing program per year. (There are is an expletive.)