Answer to Question 1
Techniques for Making Business Messages Clear:
Use the KISS formula (Keep It Short and Simple): To achieve clarity, resist the urge to show off or be fancy. Remember that your goal is to express, not to impress. Use active-voice sentences that avoid indirect, pompous language.
Dump trite business phrases: Eliminate trite business phrases such as as per your request and please do not hesitate to to make your writing sound fresh and more vigorous.
Drop clichs: Avoid clichs such as exception to the rule and stand your ground that have become exhausted by overuse.
Avoid slang and buzzwords: Avoid slang, which is informal words with arbitrary and extravagantly changed meanings. Also avoid buzzwords, which are empty technical expressions that are meant to impress rather than express.
Rescue buried verbs: Buried verbs are those that are needlessly converted to wordy noun expressions, such as perform an analysis of instead of analyze. Using nouns increases sentence length, drains verb strength, slows the reader, and muddles the thought.
Control exuberance: To sound businesslike, avoid overuse of intensifiers such as totally, definitely, and extremely.
Answer to Question 2
D