Answer to Question 1
Barriers to effective communication include physical distractions, emotional distractions,
cultural and language differences, and electronic interruptions. Emotional distractions on the
part of the receiver can prevent him or her from concentrating on, and giving full attention to,
the communication. Cultural barriers such as language differences, inattention, and
misunderstanding caused by different interpretations of a word or an expression can have a
negative influence on the communication process. Electronic interruptions are events involving
technology that interrupt the work flow.
Answer to Question 2
The four background elements that can play an important role in determining a receiver's
possible reaction and response to a message are:
a) The knowledge both the sender and the receiver already have about the facts, ideas, and
language used in the message.
b) The personality of the receiver particularly the emotions, attitudes, and prejudices that are
likely to influence the way the message is interpreted.
c) The receiver's experiences relevant to the message content.
d) The receiver's interest and motivation regarding the subject of the message.
Nurse-patient interaction; nonverbal communication
Example of the Tabular List and instructional notes (conventions).
Therapeutic Communication Skills
Food vs Cash: Which Is More Effective for Alleviating Hunger?
The communication process
Examples of Surface Barriers