Answer to Question 1
Demographic Variables: Child-free women tend to be those who have never married and aren't cohabiting, have a bachelor's degree or higher, grew up with both biological parents, and are white. Women with a college education and careers are more likely than their male counterparts to be child free. This gender gap probably reflects women's awareness of the challenges of balancing employment and parenthood, particularly because women still have more responsibility than men for housework and child care.
Individual Choices: Some people decide not to have children because their family has a history of diseases such as breast and other cancers, early Alzheimer's, and muscular dystrophy. Because social pressure to bear children has diminished, both women and men feel freer to focus on their own goals and interests, value their independence, and do whatever they want without worrying about raising children.
Answer to Question 2
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