Answer to Question 1
Gas exchange may be impaired if the alveolar septa are thickened and scarred. It also may be impaired if pulmonary blood flow to a portion of the lung is obstructed or by blockage of pulmonary capillaries by fat emboli or foreign material. Also, if the pulmonary alveoli become filled with fluid or inflammatory exudates, inspired air cannot enter the diseased alveoli, and pulmonary gas exchange is impeded.
Answer to Question 2
More technically difficult to perform; may lead to spontaneous abortion and limb deformities
Cation binding and exchange.
Overview of gas exchange between the environment, blood, and cells.
Bacteria exchange DNA by several processes
Same pair of homologs, but with an exchange occurring between two nonsister chromatids
Main mechanism of carbon dioxide transport and exchange. A lesser amount of CO2 travels to the lungs
Chloride and bicarbonate exchange in the renal tubules and effect of aldosterone on excretion of H+