Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
Neurologic disorders that develop above the pontine micturition center result in detrusor hyperre-flexia, also known as an uninhibited or reflex bladder. Lesions that develop in upper motor neu-rons of the brain and spinal cord result in dyssynergia. Lesions that involve the sacral micturition center (below S1; may also be termed cauda equina syndrome) or peripheral nerve lesions result in detrusor areflexia (acontractile detrusor), a lower motor neuron disorder. Neurologic lesions that occur below the pontine micturition center but above the sacral micturition center (between C2 and S1) are also upper motor neuron lesions and result in detrusor hyperreflexia with vesci-co-sphincter dyssynergia.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: D
Significant flank pain is the most common manifestation. Neither anuria nor pyuria is a common manifestation. Hematuria does occur, but it is not the most common manifestation.
Bronchoscopy. Figure illustrates physician using a bronchoscope to inspect the patient’s bronchial t
Bone Scan
Using a scan tool to check battery voltage.
Computed tomography (CT) uses X-rays to create a CT scan of the brain.
Koplik spots in the mouth of a patient with measles.