An 82-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion ...

[lilldybug07]

An 82-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion and severe hypotension. Her body's compensatory mechanisms are increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and movement of large volumes of interstitial fluid to the vascular compartment.
 
  What kind of shock does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
  a. Anaphylactic
  b. Hypovolemic
  c. Neurogenic
  d. Septic

Question 2

A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nosebleeds. He is di-agnosed with rheumatic heart disease. The most likely cause of this disease is:
 
  a. congenital heart defects.
  b. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in-fections.
  c. group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in-fections.
  d. acute pericarditis.

[bob]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
In hypovolemic shock, heart rate and SVR increase, boosting both cardiac output and tissue per-fusion pressures. Interstitial fluid moves into the vascular compartment. In anaphylactic shock, bronchoconstriction occurs with hypotension. In neurogenic shock, hypotension occurs, but fluid does not shift. In septic shock, interstitial fluid shift does not occur.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Rheumatic fever is a systemic, inflammatory disease caused by a delayed exaggerated immune response to infection by the group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, not by congenital heart de-fects, HIV infections, or acute pericarditis.