Which valvular condition is characterized by the valve opening ...

[student77]

Which valvular condition is characterized by the valve opening being constricted and narrowed, causing the valve leaflets, or cusps, to fail to open completely?
 
  a. Regurgitation
  b. Insufficiency
  c. Stenosis
  d. Incompetence

Question 2

A 60-year-old female has survived a myocardial infarction. The nurse is providing care for im-paired ventricular function because:
 
  a. there is a temporary alteration in electro-lyte balance.
  b. there is too much stress on the heart.
  c. the cells become hypertrophic.
  d. the resulting ischemia leads to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death.

[mcomstock09]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Valvular stenosis occurs when the valve opening is constricted and narrowed. Valvular regurgita-tion occurs when blood moves backward into the chamber from which it came. Valvular insuffi-ciency occurs when blood regurgitates backward into the chamber from which it came. Valvular incompetence leads to regurgitation.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
The patient has impaired ventricular functioning because a portion of the myocardium has died due to ischemia. Impaired ventricular function is due to damage to the myocardium; it is not due to electrolyte imbalance. There was stress on the heart, but the impaired functioning is due to myocardial damage secondary to ischemia. The impaired ventricular dysfunction is due to myo-cardial cell death, not hypertrophy.