Besides hyposecretion and hypersecretion, endocrine system ...

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Besides hyposecretion and hypersecretion, endocrine system dysfunction can result from:
 
  a. abnormal receptor activity.
  b. abnormal hormone levels.
  c. increased synthesis of second messengers.
  d. extracellular electrolyte alterations.

Question 2

If the patient has a problem with the pineal gland, which substance would the nurse monitor?
 
  a. Melatonin
  b. Epinephrine
  c. Cortisol
  d. Somatostatin

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Dysfunction may result from abnormal cell receptor function or from altered intracellular re-sponse to the hormone-receptor complex. Abnormal hormone levels can occur but are not the cause of endocrine dysfunction. Intracellular storage of second-messenger hormones would not lead to dysfunction; receptor function does. Extracellular electrolyte alterations may result from dysfunction, but they are not a cause.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
The pineal glands secrete melatonin. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine. The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol. The thyroid gland secretes somatostatin.

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