A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by ...

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A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy, characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coor-dination and purposeful movement. Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?
 
  a. Ataxic
  b. Dystonic
  c. Spastic
  d. Mixed

Question 2

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?
 
  a. Viral infection
  b. An autosomal recessive gene
  c. Fetal trauma
  d. Hydrocephalus

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Dystonic cerebral palsy is associated with extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and pur-poseful movements. Ataxic cerebral palsy manifests with gait disturbances and instability. The infant with this form of cerebral palsy may have hypotonia at birth, but stiffness of the trunk muscles develops by late infancy. Spastic cerebral palsy is associated with increased muscle tone, persistent primitive reflexes, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, clonus, rigidity of the extremities, scoliosis, and contractures. Mixed cerebral palsy may have symptoms of each of the disorders.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
True (primary) microcephaly is usually caused by an autosomal recessive genetic or chromosomal defect. Viral infections and fetal trauma can lead to microcephaly but are not the true cause. Hy-drocephalus does not lead to microcephaly.

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