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Bacteria have been found alive in a lake buried one half mile under ice in Antarctica.
Immunoglobulin injections may give short-term protection against, or reduce severity of certain diseases. They help people who have an inherited problem making their own antibodies, or those who are having certain types of cancer treatments.
In 1835 it was discovered that a disease of silkworms known as muscardine could be transferred from one silkworm to another, and was caused by a fungus.
Ether was used widely for surgeries but became less popular because of its flammability and its tendency to cause vomiting. In England, it was quickly replaced by chloroform, but this agent caused many deaths and lost popularity.
Certain topical medications such as clotrimazole and betamethasone are not approved for use in children younger than 12 years of age. They must be used very cautiously, as directed by a doctor, to treat any child. Children have a much greater response to topical steroid medications.
![Sublingual medication administration. Photograph of a male patient placing a nitroglycerine tablet u](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_27_08_12_12_14_17_81762125.jpeg)
![Injecting an IV push (bolus) medication; C, another type of needleless syringe and needleless IV acc](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_18099_26_09_12_4_39_03.jpeg)