A 22-year-old female with a history of intermittent flank pain, ...

[jon_i]

A 22-year-old female with a history of intermittent flank pain, repeated UTIs, and hematuria has been diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
 
  Which of the following phenomena has most likely contributed to the development of this diagnosis?
  A)
  UTIs coupled with an impaired immune response have caused her ADPKD.
  B)
  She has inherited a tendency for epithelial cells in her tubules to proliferate inappropriately.
  C)
  Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are likely precursors.
  D)
  She has inherited undersized kidneys that are prone to calculi formation.

Question 2

During male ejaculation, which of the following statements addresses why sperm is not normally seen inside the bladder?
 
  A)
  The parasympathetic nervous system keeps the seminal fluid inside the urethra.
  B)
  The musculature of the trigone area, bladder neck, and prostatic urethra contract at the same time.
  C)
  With ejaculation, the male expels some urine along with the seminal fluid to wash any extra sperm out of the bladder.
  D)
  The detrusor muscle relaxes allowing for the closing of the sphincter at the base of the bladder.

[b614102004]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
B

Feedback:

ADPKD is an inherited condition, and the etiology is thought to involve cysts arising in segments of the renal tubules from a few epithelial cells that proliferate abnormally. UTIs are consequent, not causative, of the condition. Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are more commonly associated with ARPKD than ADPKD. Kidneys are typically oversized in ADPKD, and renal calculi are not noted sequelae.Ans:
B

Feedback:

ADPKD is an inherited condition, and the etiology is thought to involve cysts arising in segments of the renal tubules from a few epithelial cells that proliferate abnormally. UTIs are consequent, not causative, of the condition. Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are more commonly associated with ARPKD than ADPKD. Kidneys are typically oversized in ADPKD, and renal calculi are not noted sequelae.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
B

Feedback:

During male ejaculation, which is mediated by the SNS, the musculature of the trigone area and that of the bladder neck and prostatic urethra contracts and prevents the backflow of seminal fluid into the bladder.

[jon_i]

Gracias!

[samiel-sayed]

Excellent