Which of the following residents of a long-term care facility is ...

[acc299]

Which of the following residents of a long-term care facility is most likely to be exhibiting the signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
 
  A)
  A 79-year-old lifetime smoker who is complaining of shortness of breath and pain on deep inspiration
  B)
  An 81-year-old smoker who has increased exercise intolerance, a fever, and increased white blood cells
  C)
  An 81-year-old male who has a productive cough and recurrent respiratory infections
  D)
  An 88-year-old female who experiences acute shortness of breath and airway constriction when exposed to tobacco smoke

Question 2

Emergency medical technicians respond to a call to find an 80-year-old man who is showing signs and symptoms of severe shock. Which of the following phenomena is most likely taking place?
 
  A)
  The man's - and -adrenergic receptors have been activated, resulting in vasoconstriction and increased heart rate.
  B)
  Hemolysis and blood pooling are taking place in the man's peripheral circulation.
  C)
  Bronchoconstriction and hyperventilation are initiated as a compensatory mechanism.
  D)
  Intracellular potassium and extracellular sodium levels are rising as a result of sodium-potassium pump failure.

[catron30]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
C

Feedback:

Productive cough and recurrent respiratory infections are associated with COPD, while pain, fever, and increased white cells are not common signs and symptoms of COPD. Acute shortness of breath and bronchoconstriction are associated with asthma.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A

Feedback:

- and -adrenergic receptor activation is a central response to all types of shock. Hemolysis is not a noted accompaniment to shock. Bronchodilation, not bronchoconstriction, often results from adrenergic stimulation, and sodium-potassium pump failure results in increased extracellular potassium and intracellular sodium.