A 61-year-old woman with a 40-pack-a year history of cigarette ...

[geoffrey]

A 61-year-old woman with a 40-pack-a year history of cigarette smoking and a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing an increase in arterial levels of CO2.
 
  This change has been detected in the client's medulla, aortic bodies, and carotid bodies, stimulating the inspiratory center in the medulla oblongata, which has in turn caused the diaphragm to contract more forcefully and increase the respiratory rate. Which of the following terms best describes the role of the inspiratory center?
  A)
  Integrator/comparator
  B)
  Sensor
  C)
  Effector
  D)
  Feedback system

Question 2

Staphylococcus aureus commonly found in the skin, nares, and other body sites of patients without any signs and symptoms of infection is known as which of the following conditions listed below?
 
  A)
  An opportunistic infection
  B)
  A parasitic infestation
  C)
  Bacterial colonization
  D)
  A saprophytic infection

[Kjones0604]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
A

Feedback:

An integrator/comparator sums and compares incoming data with a set point. In this case, the inspiratory center has determined the need for increased respiration and stimulated the effector (diaphragm) to respond. The sensor role is in the client's medulla, aortic bodies, and carotid bodies. This overall process is an example of a feedback system, but this does not characterize the particular role of the inspiratory center.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
C

Feedback:

The ongoing presence of bacteria in the body that do not cause infection is called colonization. Opportunistic infection by ordinarily nonpathogenic organisms can occur in immunosuppressed hosts. Parasitism is a condition in which the organism exists at the expense of, and without benefiting, the host. Saprophytes do not cause infection.

[geoffrey]

TYSM

[rleezy04]

Excellent