Answer to Question 1
B
Stress incontinence occurs when the urethral sphincter fails and there is an increase in in-tra-abdominal pressure, caused by things such as sneezing, laughing, coughing, or aerobic exer-cise. Urge incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine when there is a strong urge to urinate (urinary urgency). Functional incontinence is caused by cognitive inability to recognize the urge to urinate or self-care deficit caused by extreme depression. Inability to reach the bathroom due to restraints, side rails, or an out-of-reach walker can also result in functional incontinence. Overflow incontinence occurs when there is poor contractility of the detrusor muscle or obstruc-tion of the urethra, as in prostate hypertrophy in the male or genital prolapse or abnormality in the female.
Answer to Question 2
A, B, C, D
Underlying visual problems may manifest with eyes that tire easily, burn, itch, or redden with use. Exophthalmos (protruding eyes) is not usually a visual problem, but a sign of a systemic problem such as hyperthyroidism.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
All messages must be documented and placed in the patient's chart.
Promoting Adherence in the Older Adult Patient
A company that makes environmental measuring devices has calculated their revenue and costs as ...