Which physiological change(s) explain why the older adult is at ...

[skymedlock]

Which physiological change(s) explain why the older adult is at greater surgical risk? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Fewer physiologic reserves
  b. Greater probability of a chronic illness
  c. Greater vulnerability to fluid loss
  d. Less tolerance for pain
  e. Less psychological stamina

Question 2

How does long-term alcohol abuse lead to alteration in the immune system?
 
  a. It alters the effectiveness of antibodies.
  b. It stimulates autoimmune activity.
  c. It impairs the ability of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
  d. It shortens the life of circulating antibo-dies.

[zhanghao]

Answer to Question 1

A, B, C
The older adult does have less physiologic reserves, more probability for a chronic illness, and more vulnerability to fluid loss. There is no indication that the older adult has less tolerance for pain or less psychological stamina.

Answer to Question 2

C
Alcohol impairs the ability of B lymphocytes to produce antibodies.

[skymedlock]

Excellent

[meow1234]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it