The nurse is caring for a patient with a closed head injury. ...

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The nurse is caring for a patient with a closed head injury. Which finding causes the nurse to suspect that the patient has developed diabetes insipidus (DI)?
 
  a. Increased lethargy
  b. Widening pulse pressure
  c. Copious pale urine output
  d. Increasing blood glucose levels

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a patient with sickle cell anemia. Which statement indicates that the patient requires further instruction?
 
  a. I should not drink iced drinks.
  b. I miss drinking beer in the afternoon.
  c. I walk every day rather than doing other strenuous exercise.
  d. I am planning a trip to Colorado next month.

[mochi09]

Answer to Question 1

C
A large increase in urinary output of pale urine with a low specific gravity is the clue to the de-velopment of DI related to edema of the posterior pituitary. Antidiuretic hormone is released in inadequate amounts, resulting in polyuria, and the awake patient may complain of polydipsia (excessive thirst). IV vasopressin and fluid replacement are the preferred treatments. Lethargy and increased pulse pressure are not typical signs of DI. Increased serum glucose levels is a sign of diabetes mellitus, not DI.

Answer to Question 2

D
People with sickle cell anemia should avoid cold temperatures and high altitudes, which can bring on a crisis due to thickening of the blood. Avoidance of iced drinks, alcohol, and strenuous exercise is beneficial.