Which of the following is a sign of glenohumeral instability? ...

[anjilletteb]

Which of the following is a sign of glenohumeral instability?
 
  A. Positive Lachman test
  B. Negative Spurling's sign
  C. Positive apprehension test
  D. Negative Lhermitte sign

Question 2

Whenever a patient presents with acute non-traumatic shoulder pain, the clinician should make sure to exclude a:
 
  A. Cardiac origin of symptoms
  B. Gastrointestinal condition
  C. Cervical spine disorder
  D. All of the above

[matt]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Unlike the other conditions affecting the shoulder, glenohumeral instability is most common in young patients who are physically active. The instability can result in displacement of the humeral head in various directions. The patient will experience sudden onset of pain and be unwilling to move the arm. The displacement may follow an acute injury/trauma or may be associated with specific movements or overuse. A positive apprehension test suggests glenohumeral instability. This can be somewhat validated by performing the relocation test, in which the apprehension test is immediately followed by placing mild anterior pressure on the arm paired with external rotation.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Acute shoulder syndromes frequently arise from inflammation. Most frequently, the capsule of the glenohumeral joint, supraspinatus tendon, and the subacromial bursa are involved. When patients present with shoulder pain, always consider the possibility of cardiac, cervical neck, or gastrointestinal cause. Cardiac pain commonly radiates to the left shoulder. Cervical spine degeneration and osteoarthritis frequently causes right- or left-sided shoulder pain. Gastrointestinal disorders, such as cholecystitis, frequently cause pain radiation to the right shoulder.

[anjilletteb]

Excellent

[matt95]

TYSM