A 75-year-old female patient complains of fatigue as well as pain ...

[Bernana]

A 75-year-old female patient complains of fatigue as well as pain and stiffness of the shoulders and neck. There is no history of trauma or exercised-induced pain. Medications include a beta blocker and ACE inhibitor.
 
  Medical history includes giant cell arteritis and Raynaud's syndrome. Physical examination is unremarkable. There is no swelling or erythema over the temporal arteries. There is no swelling, erythema, limitation in range of motion or point tenderness over the shoulder joints. The neck has normal range of motion and no tenderness or swelling. Which of the following disorders should be included in the list of possible diagnoses?
  A. Rheumatoid arthritis
  B. Polymyalgia rheumatic
  C. Drug-induced myalgia
  D. Fibromyalgia

Question 2

A 17-year-old male complains of severe right knee pain. He was playing football when he heard a pop at the moment of being tackled and his knee gave away from under him.
 
  On physical examination, there is right knee swelling and decreased range of motion. There is a positive anterior drawer sign. These findings indicate:
  A. Knee ligament injury
  B. Osgood-Schlatter disease
  C. Prepatellar bursitis
  D. Chondromalacia patella

[Anna]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Polymyalgia rheumatica is usually identified in adults aged 60 or older. The actual etiology of this condition is unknown. Giant cell arteritis occurs in about 15 of those with polymyalgia rheumatica, and the two conditions may be different expressions of the same etiology. The patient typically complains of sudden onset of widespread pain. Commonly affected sites include the neck, shoulders, and pelvis. Pain is accompanied by fatigue and stiffness. The stiffness is most profound in the morning. There is no actual muscle weakness. Unlike RA, there is no small joint inflammation and effusion.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
The anterior, medial, and lateral knee ligaments are vulnerable to injury in athletic activities. The mechanism through which the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is typically injured involves deceleration combined with sudden turning or pivoting. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is most prone to injury through motions that place valgus stress on the knee. Compared with ACL and MCL injury, damage to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is much rarer but typically occurs when sudden varus stress is placed on the knee. The patient often relates history of an acute trauma followed by the onset of pain, swelling, and limited mobility. Often patients recall hearing or feeling a pop at the moment of injury and/or give-away sense. ACL injury is identified through a positive drawer (Fig. 14.9) and/or Lachman's test (Fig. 14.10). Laxity of the LCL is assessed by placing varus stress on the knee with the leg both extended and flexed.

[Bernana]

Excellent

[daiying98]

TYSM