A 15-year-old female patient presents with complaints of constant ...

[cherise1989]

A 15-year-old female patient presents with complaints of constant thirst, urination up to 20 times a day, and recent unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds over the last month. It is important for the clinician to recognize these symptoms as those of:
 
  A. Renal cancer
  B. Bladder cancer
  C. Diabetes mellitus
  D. Interstitial cystitis

Question 2

An important sign that indicates nerve compression at the cauda equina section of the spinal cord is:
 
  A. Urinary incontinence
  B. Urinary retention
  C. Bladder spasms
  D. All of the above

[braelync]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Changes to the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body can directly affect urinary output, such as in the osmotic diuresis, seen with poorly controlled or undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Other examples include diabetes insipidus, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, renal insufficiency, and congestive heart failure.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Neurogenic (or neuropathic) bladder is the failure of the bladder to store or to empty. There may be spontaneous and uncoordinated contractions of the bladder when it is filling, or the bladder and sphincter may not work in concert, preventing the bladder from effectively emptying. Risk factors include spinal cord injury, trauma to the central nervous system, diabetes mellitus, spina bifida, multiple sclerosis, spinal disk disease, and pelvic surgery, among many others. A variety of urinary complaints may occur, including incontinence, dribbling, and retention as well as disorders of bladder sensation.

[cherise1989]

Excellent

[Viet Thy]

TYSM