The majority of colon cancers are located in the: A. ...

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The majority of colon cancers are located in the:
 
  A. Transverse colon
  B. Cecum
  C. Rectosigmoid region
  D. Ascending colon

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common cause of heartburn-type epigastric pain?
 
  A. Decreased lower esophageal sphincter tone
  B. Helicobacteria pylori infection of stomach
  C. Esophageal spasm
  D. Excess use of NSAIDs

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignancies in the United States. Over half are located in the rectosigmoid region and are typically adenocarcinomas. Risk factors include a history of polyps, positive family history of colon cancer or familial polyposis, ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis, and a diet low in fiber and high in animal protein, fat, and refined carbohydrates.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
GERD is the most common organic cause of heartburn. GERD is caused by decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone. LES control can be decreased by several medications (e.g., theophylline, dopamine, diazepam, calcium-channel blockers), foods and/or beverages (caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, fatty foods), and tobacco use. When LES tone is lower than normal, secretions are allowed to reflux into the esophagus, causing discomfort.

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