Answer to Question 1
2
If feelings of lightheadedness or nausea occur during an observation of a surgical procedure, the first thing to do is head for the door or at least to a wall away from the surgical field. The student should not tell someone that she is not feeling well. The student should not ignore these feelings since they are signs of fainting. The student should not immediately sit on the floor since this could be in the area of the sterile field and could compromise the surgical procedure.
Answer to Question 2
4
The sinoatrial node is the dominant pacemaker of the heart. The sinoatrial node has an inherent rate of 60 to 100 bpm. The atrioventricular node has an intrinsic rate of 40 to 60 bpm. The impulse enters the right and left bundle branches and then enters the Purkinje fibers. Impulses at this level are at 15 to 40 times per minute.