Answer to Question 1
4
A heath belief of individuals within the Native American ethnic group is that illness is a price to be paid from a past or future event. Individuals within the African American ethnic group have a health belief that illness is a punishment from God. Individuals within the Chinese ethnic group have a health belief that the body must be intact upon death. Individuals from the Hispanic ethnic group have a health belief that hospitals are a place to die.
Answer to Question 2
1, 2, 5
The ABCDE model is a guide to pain management. For A, the nurse should regularly ask about pain. For B, the nurse should believe the patient and family in their reports of pain and what relieves it. For C, the nurse should choose pain control options that are appropriate for the patient. The nurse should not confront the patient about pain control since this is not therapeutic. For D, interventions should be delivered in a timely, logical, and coordinated manner and not only when requested. For E, patients and families should be empowered. Complementary alternative medicine approaches should not be used first.