Answer to Question 1
C
The second group to develop clinical practice guidelines is the United Statesbased NAON, which indicated that chlorhexidine 2 mg/mL solution is possibly the most effective cleansing solution for pin-site care. A British consensus group of orthopedic nurse experts recommends that pin sites be cleaned only with sterile normal saline or water to remove crusts around the pins (Walker, 2007). Walker found no definitive evidence to support a pin-site dressing containing an antimicrobial agent. Several studies have found that although hydrogen peroxide is a common cleansing agent, it may cause damage to the healthy tissue surrounding the pin.
Answer to Question 2
standard precautions
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has established standard precautions as the minimum standard for infection control. Standard precautions are used for potential contact with blood and all body fluids.