Author Question: Which patient exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the ... (Read 89 times)

SGallaher96 · **on:** Jun 25, 2018

Which patient exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is unknown?

a. Needle stick with a needle and syringe used to draw blood
b. Splash into the eyes when emptying a bedpan containing stool
c. Contamination of open skin lesions with patient vaginal secretions
d. Needle stick injury with a suture needle during a surgical procedure

Question 2

A young adult female patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive has a new prescription for efavirenz (Sustiva). Which information is most important to include in the medication teaching plan?

a. Driving is allowed when starting this medication.
b. Report any bizarre dreams to the health care provider.
c. Continue to use contraception while on this medication.
d. Take this medication in the morning on an empty stomach.

chereeb · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 25, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
Puncture wounds are the most common means for workplace transmission of blood-borne diseases, and a needle with a hollow bore that had been contaminated with the patient's blood would be a high-risk situation. The other situations described would be much less likely to result in transmission of the virus.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Efavirenz can cause fetal anomalies and should not be used in patients who may be pregnant. The drug should not be used during pregnancy because large doses could cause fetal anomalies. Once-a-day doses should be taken at bedtime (at least initially) to help patients cope with the side effects that include dizziness and confusion. Patients should be cautioned about driving when starting this drug. Patients should be informed that many people who use the drug have reported vivid and sometimes bizarre dreams.