Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 1
The underlying cause of hot flashes is not known; however, many physiologic effects of menopause are responsive to nonpharmacologic methods of relief, such as lifestyle changes. The recommended daily intake of calcium for women over 50 is 1200 mg. Encouraging the patient to look into surgical intervention is outside the scope of nursing practice. A hysterectomy would further reduce the patient's natural estrogen levels. Weight-bearing exercise is recommended to reduce the rate of bone loss, help maintain optimum weight, and reduce cardiovascular risk, not to induce sleep and relieve night sweats.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 2
Psychologic symptoms of perimenopause include anxiety, inability to sleep and headaches. Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. Primary amenorrhea, absence of menarche by age 16, or by age 14 if secondary sex characteristics fail to develop, may be caused by structural abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary disease, or an imperforate hymen. The postmenopausal period begins one year after the final menstrual period. No information is given in the question about menstrual flow. Dysmenorrhea is pain or discomfort associated with menstruation.
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