Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 1
The pain associated with cancer is usually undertreated because of an inappropriate use of opioids and barriers related to healthcare provider, patient, family, institution, and society. Communication and knowledge deficit are the major barriers to effective pain management. Because of this, the nurse should discuss pain control options with the patient. Not every patient with cancer has pain. Reviewing ways to reduce pain without the use of medication may or may not be appropriate for the patient. The nurse has no way of knowing whether the patient's pain will continue throughout treatment.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 1
Anaplasia is the regression of a cell to an immature or undifferentiated cell type. Anaplastic cell division is no longer under DNA control. Anaplasia usually occurs when a damaging or transforming event takes place inside the dividing, still undifferentiated cell, leading to loss of useful function. Anaplasia may occur in response to overwhelmingly destructive conditions inside the cell or in surrounding tissue. Anaplasia is not reversible, but the degree of anaplasia determines the potential risk for cancer. The patient will most likely need careful monitoring to ensure the cells do not develop into cancer. The patient does not have cancer and would not need chemotherapy at this time. Anaplastic cells of the pancreas would increase this patient's chances of developing diabetes mellitus. Anaplastic cells cannot be reversed.
Nurses may collaborate with social workers, physicians, and other members of the health care team to
Photograph of an occupational therapist assisting a patient with learning independence in activities
Nurse collaboration
Physical Fitness and Cancer Risk
Sample new patient registration form.
Inspecting a patient’s ear during a physical examination.