Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 2400 mL
Adults require approximately 30 mL per kilogram of body weight per day for body maintenance. First convert the patient's weight in lbs. to kg by dividing 176/2.2 = 80 kg. Next multiply the amount of fluid per kg by the kg or 30 mL/kg 80 kg = 2400 mL. The nurse should instruct the patient to ingest 2400 mL of fluid per day.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4
Insulin, hypertonic dextrose (10 to 50), and possibly sodium bicarbonate are used in the emergency treatment of moderate to severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 6.0 to 6.5 mEq/L). Insulin promotes the movement of potassium into the cell, and glucose prevents hypoglycemia. Sodium bicarbonate elevates the serum pH; potassium is moved into the cell in exchange for hydrogen ion. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used to treat moderate or severe hyperkalemia. Furosemide (Lasix) is a potassium-wasting diuretic used to enhance renal excretion of potassium. The patient is in chronic renal failure and most likely does not have a urine output.
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