Author Question: V/Q scans are ordered to evaluate the possibility of which of the following? a. Pulmonary emboli ... (Read 71 times)

pane00 · **on:** Jun 25, 2018

V/Q scans are ordered to evaluate the possibility of which of the following?

a. Pulmonary emboli
b. Acute myocardial infarction
c. Emphysema
d. Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 2

An elderly patient is in a motor vehicle accident and sustains a significant internal hemorrhage. Which category of renal failure is the patient at the greatest risk of developing?

a. Intrinsic
b. Postrenal
c. Prerenal
d. Acute tubular necrosis

Viet Thy · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 25, 2018

Answer to Question 1

A
This test is ordered for the evaluation of pulmonary emboli. Electrocardiography or cardiac enzymes are ordered to evaluate for myocardial infarction; arterial blood gas analysis, chest radiography, and pulmonary function tests are ordered to evaluate for emphysema. Chest radiography and hemodynamic monitoring are ordered for evaluation of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Answer to Question 2

C
Any condition that decreases blood flow, blood pressure, or kidney perfusion before arterial blood reaches the renal artery that supplies the kidney may be anatomically described as prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). When arterial hypoperfusion caused by low cardiac output, hemorrhage, vasodilation, thrombosis, or other cause reduces the blood flow to the kidney, glomerular filtration decreases, and consequently urine output decreases. Any condition that produces an ischemic or toxic insult directly at parenchymal nephron tissue places the patient at risk for development of intrarenal AKI. Any obstruction that hinders the flow of urine from beyond the kidney through the remainder of the urinary tract may lead to postrenal AKI. When the internal filtering structures are pathologically affected, the condition was previously known as acute tubular necrosis.