Answer to Question 1
B
Some individuals in spiritual despair may question their existence, verbalize their wish to die, or display anger toward religious traditions. Patients who have a pervasive sense that they can do nothing to change or control their circumstances are at risk for feeling powerless. Anxiety is a normal and common subjective human response to a perceived or actual threat, which can range from a vague, generalized feeling of discomfort to a state of panic and loss of control.
Answer to Question 2
D
Family members are at risk for developing post-traumatic stress reactions related to prolonged periods of uncertainty, anxious waiting, disrupted sleep patterns, financial concerns, witnessing emergency interventions, and confronting fears of loss and death. Anxiety is a normal and common subjective human response to a perceived or actual threat, which can range from a vague, generalized feeling of discomfort to a state of panic and loss of control. Conditions that increase a person's risk for feeling hopeless include a loss of dignity, long-term stress, loss of self-esteem, spiritual distress, and isolation, all of which can be present in a critical care experience. Patients who have a pervasive sense that they can do nothing to change or control their circumstances are at risk for feeling powerless.
The nurse assists the patient in reflecting on his feelings
Patient with osteoarthritis
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A cervical cancer cell
The family described in Example Case 4