Answer to Question 1
Answer: A, C
Higher nurse-client ratios have been associated with shorter lengths of stay and fewer complications. A recent study depicted a significant reduction in the risk of mortality in surgical clients when the proportion of registered nurses was higher. There is little research on care delivery models since it is more difficult to compare outcomes because each unit may employ slight variations of the model. Research continues to prove that higher nursing ratios result in fewer adverse outcomes for clients.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: B
Speaking in a soft, calm manner to an excited client is the first step to try defusing the situation. The nurse's tone may calm the excited client, regardless of language. Using short sentences is a useful tool, but in the case of an excited client, the nurse would attempt to calm the client first. Isolating the client may be necessary if the client's behavior escalates to violence, but that is not evident here and is not the first choice of action. Giving a sedative is the last resort and is used only if the client is threatening to hurt self or others.