A nurse is caring for an older adult client admitted to the ...

[bobypop]

A nurse is caring for an older adult client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The client asks the nurse what can be done to decrease the risk for developing pneumonia in the future.
 
  Which responses by the nurse are the most appropriate?
  Select all that apply.
  A) You should drink a yogurt drink once a day that is supplemented with L. casei immunitas cultures.
  B) You can start by not smoking.
  C) You can get the pneumonia vaccination, which may help to decrease your risk in the future.
  D) Avoiding alcohol will help.
  E) There is nothing that you can do to decrease your risk of pneumonia in the future.

Question 2

The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant who is diagnosed with acute otitis media. Which is the priority teaching point for these parents?
 
  A) Administer a decongestant for nasal congestion.
  B) Keep the baby in a flat position during sleep.
  C) Administer acetaminophen to relieve pain and decrease fever.
  D) Place the baby to sleep with a pacifier.

[zenzy]

Answer to Question 1

Answer: B, C, D

Research indicates a high rate of pneumonia in clients with frequent exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol use. Smoking injures tissues in the airways and decreases the action of cilia. Chemicals in cigarettes have a numbing effect on the cough reflex. Alcohol interferes with the actions of macrophages. Studies suggest that supplements containing micronutrients that approximate the recommended dietary allowances can assist in preventing infections. A balanced diet can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. Pneumonia vaccines can also be considered to decrease the risk of development in the future. There is not an established body of scientific evidence that supports the claim that L. casei immunitas cultures can improve immune function. Telling the client he cannot decrease his risk in the future is incorrect.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: C

Parents are taught to administer acetaminophen to relieve the discomfort and decrease fever associated with acute otitis media. Decongestants are not recommended for treatment of acute otitis media. A flat position could exacerbate the discomfort. Elevating the head slightly is recommended. Placing infants to sleep with a pacifier can increase the incidence of otitis media.