The nurse suspects that a pregnant client is experiencing effects ...

[tfester]

The nurse suspects that a pregnant client is experiencing effects to the gastrointestinal system because of elevated progesterone levels. What did the nurse assess to make this clinical determination? Select all that apply.
 
  1. Nausea
  2. Bloating
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Vomiting
  5. Constipation

Question 2

The nurse notes that a client who is 10 weeks pregnant is experiencing changes to the upper respiratory system. What should the nurse explain as being the reason for these changes? Select all that apply.
 
  1. Estrogen-induced edema
  2. Hypersecretion of mucus
  3. Decreased white blood cell production
  4. Vascular congestion of the nasal mucosa
  5. Amniotic fluid reducing total fluid volume

[bookworm410]

Answer to Question 1

2, 5
Explanation:
1. Nausea is common during the first trimester and may result from several factors, including elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, relaxation of the smooth muscle of the stomach, and changed carbohydrate metabolism.
2. Elevated progesterone levels cause smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in delayed gastric emptying and decreased peristalsis. As a result the pregnant woman may complain of bloating.
3. Diarrhea is not an expected effect of pregnancy on the gastrointestinal system.
4. Vomiting is common during the first trimester and may result from several factors, including elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, relaxation of the smooth muscle of the stomach, and changed carbohydrate metabolism
5. Elevated progesterone levels cause smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in delayed gastric emptying and decreased peristalsis. As a result the pregnant woman may complain of constipation.

Answer to Question 2

1, 2, 4
Explanation:
1. Upper respiratory changes in the form of nasal stuffiness and epistaxis may occur because of estrogen-induced edema.
2. Upper respiratory changes in the form of nasal stuffiness and epistaxis may occur because of hypersecretion of mucus.
3. There is no change in white blood cell production.
4. Upper respiratory changes in the form of nasal stuffiness and epistaxis may occur because of vascular congestion of the nasal mucosa.
5. Amniotic fluid is not reducing the client's total fluid volume.